PERMIT FOR FISHING/FISHING IN THE COAST AND OPEN SEA

 Sweden's has one of Europe's longest coastlines, with very varied habitats for fish. A decisive factor for the distribution of different fish species along the coast and in the sea is the salinity. It varies from close to oceanic salinity in the Skagerrak to basically fresh water at the top of the Gulf of Bothnia. Along the gradient there are many different species of fish, from cod and sole on the West Coast to perch and roach in the Gulf of Bothnia.

The condition of the fish along Sweden's coast and in the sea varies considerably. Due to over-fishing, many of the stocks of codfish, flatfish and cartilaginous fish in the sea are at historically low levels, with few exceptions such as plaice in the Skagerrak and Kattegatt. For example, cod in the Skagerrak and Kattegatt are today at very low levels, and in the Baltic Sea proper the cod stock is dominated by small individuals in poor condition. The pelagic stocks of herring and sprat show different trends. The stocks of sprat in the Skagerrak, Kattegatt and the Baltic Sea have had a stable development in recent years, while the various pelagic stocks of herring in the same areas have had a negative development during the same period. A species that has increased greatly in the Baltic Sea is the spiny dogfish, which uses both the sea and the coastal habitat.




In the Baltic Sea, there has been a change in the species composition of the coastal fish communities since the 1970s. Marine species and those that prefer cooler waters have declined, and freshwater species that prefer warmer, more nutrient-rich waters have increased. During the last ten years, a general reduction in the stocks of pikeperch and pike has been seen. Whitefish stocks have decreased in the Bothnian Sea but increased in the Gulf of Bothnia. Freshwater fish stocks are often very local and there is great variation in status between different areas. Although the perch has relatively become more numerous compared to how it looked in the 1970s, during the last decade there has been a decline in stocks in certain areas and above all in the outer archipelago. Carp fish are numerous in many archipelago areas.

The invasive species black-mouthed butterbur has established itself in the southern Baltic Sea and is spreading northwards along the Swedish Baltic coast. On some premises, the species has increased explosively. On the west coast, where the salinity is higher, the freshwater fish that are common in the Baltic Sea do not occur. Here instead, young cod and grayling, as well as various smolts, dominate the coastal communities. In many areas, codfish stocks are weak, while whiting and flounder have increased.

According to the Artdatabanken, over 20 marine fish species are currently on the red list in Sweden due to sea fishing, where common food fish such as eel, ling, cod, halibut and catfish are acutely or strongly threatened.

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